Mostly herbs, sometimes vines, shrubs and trees, with 85 genera worldwide and 2,300 species within (Placing Common names known as in Brackets), above many cultivars or variations of the the same species within, with many species highly used foods. Genera include Atropa (Belladonna), Bouchetia (Painted tongue) Browallia (Bush violet), Calibrachoa (Seaside petunia), Capsicum (Capsicum), includes bell pepper species, chili pepper species, pimento species, jalepeno species, cayenne species, tabasco species to note with over 35 main species above many culitivars or varietys of each, Chamaesaracha (Five eyes), Datura (Jimsonweed or Thorn apple), Hunzikeria (Cupflower), Hyoscyamus (Henbane), Jaltomata (False holly), Lycium (Wolfberry, Boxthorn or Gojiberry), Nectouxia (Stinkleaf), Nicandra (Apple of Peru), Nicotiana (Tobacco), Oryetes (Oryetes), Petunia (Petunia), Physalis including Margaranthus (Husk tomato, Ground cherry, or Tomatillo), Quincula (Chinese lantern), Solanum including Lycopersicon includes the species of commonly named Nightshade, Bittersweet, Potato, Eggplant, Buffalobur and tomato with over 1500 species above many cultivars or varietys within each". |
The Family of
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The Cestroideae
(Browallioideae)
Subfamily
The subfamily consists of eight genera (divided into three tribes: Browallieae, Cestreae, and Salpiglossideae respectively) and about 195 species distributed throughout the Americas alone. The genus Cestrum is the most important, as it contains 175 of the 195 species in the subfamily. The Cestreae tribe is unusual because it includes taxa with long chromosomes (from 7.21 to 11.511 µm in length), when the rest of the family generally possesses short chromosomes (for example between 1.5 and 3.52 µm in the Nicotianoideae)
The Browallieae Hunz. TribeBrowallia L (7)
The Cestreae L. TribeCestrum L. (41)
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Sessea Ruiz & Pav. (19)
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Vestia Willd. (Monotypic genus) from Chile
The Salpiglossideae TribeReyesia (4)
Salpiglossis (3)
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The
Goetzeoideae
Subfamily
This subfamily is characterized by the presence of drupes as fruit and seeds with curved embryos and large fleshy cotyledons. The basic chromosome number is x=13. It includes four genera and five species distributed throughout the Greater Antilles. Some authors suggest their molecular data indicate the monotypic genera Tsoala Bosser & D'Arcy should be included in this subfamily, endemic to Madagascar, and Metternichia to the southeast of Brazil. Goetzeaceae Airy Shaw is considered as a synonym of this subfamily.
Coeloneurum Radlk (Monotypic Genus)
Espadaea Rchb. (Monotypic Genus)
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Goetzea Wydler (4)
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Henoonia Griseb. (Monotypic Genus)
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The
Nicotianoideae
Subfamily
The two tribes include Anthocercideae and Nicotianeae.
The Anthocercideae G. Don TribeAnthocercideae G. Don tribe, endemic to Australia, contains 31 species in seven genera. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the tribe indicate it is the sister of Nicotiana, and the genera Anthocercis, Anthotroche, Grammosolen, and Symonanthus are monophyletic. Some characteristics are also thought to be derived from within the tribe, such as the unilocular stamens with semicircular opercula, bracteolate flowers, and berries as fruit.
Anthocercis Labill. (Tailflower) (12)
Anthotroche Endl. (3)
Crenidium Haegi (Monotypic genus) (1)
Cyphanthera Miers (9)
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Duboisia R.Br. (4) Corkwood tree
Grammosolen Haegi (2)
Symonanthus Haegi (2)
Hybrids (1)
Renamed (3)
The Nicotianeae Dum. TribeNicotiana is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the family, that is indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific. Various Nicotiana species, commonly referred to as tobacco plants, are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. N. tabacum is grown worldwide for the cultivation of tobacco leaves used for manufacturing and producing tobacco products, including cigars, cigarillos, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, snuff, and snus.
Nicotiana L. (80)
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Manmade hybrids (3)
Formerly placed here (1)
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The
Petunioideae
Subfamily
Molecular phylogenetics indicates that Petunioideae is the sister clade of the subfamilies with chromosome number x=12 (Solanoideae and Nicotianoideae). They contain calistegins, alkaloids similar to the tropanes. The androecium is formed of four stamens (rarely five), usually with two different lengths. The basic chromosome number of this subfamily can be x=7, 8, 9 or 11. It consists of 13 genera and some 160 species distributed throughout Central and South America. Molecular data suggest the genera originated in Patagonia. Benthamiella, Combera, and Pantacantha form a clade that can be categorized as a tribe (Benthamielleae) that should be in the subfamily Goetzeoideae.
Benthamiella Speg. (12)
Bouchetia Dunal (3)
Brunfelsia L. (45)
Calibrachoa Cerv. ex La Llave & Lex (32)
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Combera Sandw. (2)
Fabiana Ruiz & Pav. (15)
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Hunzikeria D'Arcy (3)
Leptoglossis Benth. (7)
Nierembergia Ruiz & Pav. (21)
Pantacantha Speg. monospecific genus (1)
Petunia (Juss.) Wijsman (20)
Plowmania Hunz. & Subils, monotypic genus (1)
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The
Schizanthoideae
Subfamily
The Schizanthoideae include annual and biennial plants with tropane alkaloids, without pericyclic fibres, with characteristic hair and pollen grains. The flowers are zygomorphic. The androecium has two stamens and three staminodes, anther dehiscence is explosive. In terms of fruit type, the Schizanthoidae retain the plesiomorphic fruit form of the family Solanaceae, capsules, which rely on an anemochorous, abiotic form of dispersal. This is present in Schizanthoidae due both to the genetic constraints of early divergence (see below) as well as Schizanthus evolution and presence in open habitats. The embryo is curved. The basic chromosome number is x=10. Schizanthus is a somewhat atypical genus among the Solanaceae due to its strongly zygomorphic flowers and basic chromosome number. Morphological and molecular data suggest Schizanthus is a sister genus to the other Solanaceae and diverged early from the rest, probably in the late Cretaceous or in the early Cenozoic, 50 million years ago. The great diversity of flower types within Schizanthus has been the product of the species' adaptation to the different types of pollinators that existed in the Mediterranean, high alpine, and desert ecosystems then present in Chile and adjacent areas of Argentina.
Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (12) Poor man's orchid
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The
Schwenckioideae
Subfamily
Annual plants with pericyclic fibres, their flowers are zygomorphic, the androecium has four didynamous stamens or three staminodes; the embryo is straight and short. The basic chromosome number is x=12. It includes four genera and some 30 species distributed throughout South America.
Heteranthia Nees & Mart. (Monotypic genera) (1)
Melananthus Walp. (5)
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Protoschwenckia Soler (Monotypic genera) (1)
Schwenckia L. (22)
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The
Solanoideae
Subfamily
...
The Capsiceae Dumort TribeCapsicum L. (40)
Formerly placed here
Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassler (200) Lycianthes is apparently closely related to the chili and bell peppers (Capsicum). However, it was long confused with the nightshades (Solanum), and several little-known Solanum species presumably belong here.
The Datureae (Trumpets) TribeDatureae G.Don, two genera are perfectly differentiated at both the morphological and molecular levels, Brugmansia includes tree species, while Datura contains herbs or shrubs, the latter genus can be divided into three sections: (1) Stramonium, (2) Dutra and (3) Ceratocaulis. The monotypic genus Trompettia has recently been created to accommodate the Bolivian shrub formerly known as Iochroma cardenasianum - now known to belong to Datureae and not Physaleae as previously thought.
Brugmansia Persoon (7) Angels Trumpet
Datura L. (12) Hells Bells, Thornapples or Jimsonweeds, Devil's trumpets, Moonflower)
Trompettia J.Dupin (Monotropic Genera) (1)
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The Hyoscyameae TribeAll the eight genera of this tribe is poisonous and have a long tradition of use as medicinal plants, being rich in tropane alkaloids with anticholinergic properties. Furthermore, the genera Atropa, Hyoscyamus, Scopolia and Physochlaina have furnished entheogens - the first three in the historical context of witchcraft (which is ethnically European/Germanic or White) and, more specifically, of the flying ointments employed in such practices.
Anisodus (4)
Archihyoscyamus (1)
Atropa (6)
Atropanthe (2)
Hyoscyamus (10) henbanes
Physochlaina (10)
Przewalskia (2)
Scopolia (4)
The Jaboroseae Miers TribeJaborosa (23)
The Solandreae Miers TribeSubtribe Juanulloinae consists 10 genera of trees and epiphytic shrubs with a neotropical distribution. Some of these genera (Dyssochroma, Merinthopodium and Trianaea) show a clear dependency on various species of bats both for pollination and dispersion of seeds.
Subtribe Solandrinae, a monotypical subtribe, differs from Juanulloinae in that its embryos have incumbent cotyledons and semi-inferior ovaries. Dyssochroma Miers (2)
Hawkesiophyton Hunz. (2)
Juanulloa Ruiz & Pav. (11) Goldfingers
Markea Rich. (9)
Merinthopodium J. Donn. (3) Poortmannia Drake (1) Schultesianthus Hunz. (8) Trianaea Planch. & Linden (6) |
Trozelia Raf. with 2 species from Ecuador and Peru.
Tzeltalia, genus segregated from Physalis, with 2 species distributed throughout Mexico and Guatemala. Witheringia L' Heritier, genus with 15 species from neotropical regions. Subtribe Salpichroinae, this is a subtribe of Physaleae that includes 16 American species distributed in 1 genera: Nectouxia Kunth., monotypic genus that is endemic to Mexico. Salpichroa Miers, genus with 15 species from the Andes and other regions of South America. Subtribe Withaninae, is a subtribe of Physaleae with a broad distribution, including 9 genera: Archiphysalis Kuang, with 3 species from China and Japan. Athenaea Sendtn., which includes 7 species from Brazil. Aureliana Sendtn., with 5 species from South America. Cuatresia Hunz., with 11 neotropical species. Molecular studies indicate that this genus, along with Deprea and Larnax has an uncertain taxonomic position.[27] Deprea Raf., with 6 neotropical species. Larnax Miers, many taxonomists consider it to be a synonym for Deprea, contains 22 species native to the Andes. Mellissia Hook. f., monotypic genus from Saint Helena with the common name Saint Helena boxwood (genus recently subsumed in Withania) Nothocestrum A.Gray with 4 species from Hawaii. Physaliastrum Makino, with 10 Asiatic species (genus recently subsumed in Withania). Tubocapsicum (Wettst.) Makino, with just one species endemic to China. Withania Pauq., with 10 species native to the Canary Islands, Africa and Nepal. Tribe Solaneae. The genera Cyphomandra Sendtn., Discopodium Hochst., Normania Lowe, Triguera Cav. and Lycopersicum Mill have been transferred to Solanum. The subtribe is therefore composed of two genera:[27] Jaltomata Schltdl., which contains 50 neotropical species. Solanum L., the largest genus in the family and one of the broadest of the angiosperms, with 1,328 species distributed across the whole world. |
Genus Listing of the Family
(Compacted and in Alphabetical Order)
Acnistus 11
Alona Anisodus Anthocercis Anthotroche Archiphysalis Athenaea Atropa 13 Atropanthe Aureliana Benthamiella Bouchetia Brachistus Browallia Brugmansia 6 Brunfelsia 9 Calibrachoa 1 Capsicum 1 Cestrum 12 |
Chamaesaracha 1
Coeloneurum Combera Crenidium Cuatresia Cyphanthera Cyphomandra 4 Datura 26 Deprea Discopodium Dittostigma Duboisia 5 Duckeodendron Dunalia Dyssochroma Ectozoma Espadaea Exodeconus Fabiana 7 |
Goetzea
Grabowskia Grammosolen Hawkesiophyton Hebecladus Henoonia Herschelia Heteranthia Hunzikeria Hyoscyamus 8 Iochroma 10 Jaborosa Jaltomata Juanulloa 2 Latua Leptoglossis Leucophysalis Lithophytum Lycianthes 8 Lycium 20 |
Mandragora 1
Margaranthus Markea 4 Melananthus Mellissia Metternichia Nectouxia Nicandra 6 Nicotiana 20 Nierembergia Nolana 3 Normania Nothocestrum OryctesPantacantha Parabouchetia Pauia Petunia 4 Phrodus |
Physaliastrum
Physalis 18 Physochlaina Plowmania Protoschwenkia Przewalskia Quincula Rahowardiana Reyesia Salpichroa Salpiglossis 4 Saracha Schizanthus Schultesianthus 1 Schwenckiopsis Schwenkia Sclerophylax Scopolia |
Sessea
Solandra 18 Solanum 107 Streptosolen 5 Symonanthus Trianaea Triguera Tsoala Tubocapsicum Vassobia Vestia Withania Witheringia 2 |
Disclaimer: Content is acurate at time of Curation
Last Edited 15th September 2022 by Horticulturist/Permaculturist and Landscape designer N. Wink
© 2014 Bohemefit for Fuerza International for personal use only.
No content or information herein may be used elsewhere on social media, without written permission,
yet alone be out of context and or for content on other social media sites.
~ End of Page ~
Last Edited 15th September 2022 by Horticulturist/Permaculturist and Landscape designer N. Wink
© 2014 Bohemefit for Fuerza International for personal use only.
No content or information herein may be used elsewhere on social media, without written permission,
yet alone be out of context and or for content on other social media sites.
~ End of Page ~