Common name:
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An Annual or Biennual plant, growing up to 10 inches in height by 10 inches in width. Positioning preferably in part shade to full Sun, flowering from Summers Bealtaine through to Midsummers Litha tides." Endive is also Known as, in:Basque: Osterzuri
Dutch (Flemmish): Andijvie French: Chicorée endive German: Endivie Greek: Αντίδι Icelandic: - Irish: Searbhán muc Italian: Endivia Hungarian: Endívia Scotts Gaelic: Eanach-ghàrraidh (Fem.) Spanish: - Welsh: Ysgellog y meirch In the European Folk or White Cultures including Anglo and or Celt, it is also known/referred to as; Batavia, Cultivated Endive, Escarole, Frisée." |
Classification:
Taxonomic Serial No 501522 (ITIS) 114280 (NCBI) Representative genome: - |
Synonyms; |
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Links to posts herein, include;
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Appearance Journal
Including photo diarys, pressings and botany overall
Plant Culture
Including environmental needs including climate, soil, growth, propogation/pollination, feeding, watering, ecology
Maintenance
Including pruning/harvest, seasonal maintennance, pest and disease
Processing and Storage
Uses in Aesthetics including Landscaping and arrangements
Uses in Environment including Soil, Guilding/Companions and for Animals
Uses in Culinary (If Available)
Uses in Beauty and Self Care
Uses in Medicine including Toxicology
Uses in Aromatherapy
Uses in Ethno-European Ethnobotany/Apothecary
Uses in my 'Ethnic' practice of Druidry/Witchcraft
Use Precautions
Cultivars/varietys
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History and Etymology
Chicory (n.)
Popular name of a common blue-flowered plant (Cichorium intybus) cultivated for its root, late 14c., cicoree (modern form from mid-15c.), from Old French cicorée "endive, chicory" (15c., Modern French chicorée), from Latin cichoreum, from Greek kikhorion (plural kikhoreia) "endive," which is of unknown origin. Klein suggests a connection with Old Egyptian keksher "chicory" (the plant is said to have been grown and used in ancient Egypt). The modern English form is from French influence. Endive (n.) In Britain, "lettuce-like salad plant of the daisy family;" in U.S., "blanched shoots of Cichorium intybus" (a plant related to the Cichorium endiva, the British "endive"), late 14c., from Old French endive (14c.), from Medieval Latin endivia or a related Romanic source, from Latin intibus. This probably is connected in some way with Medieval Greek entybon, which Klein says is perhaps of Eastern origin (compare Egyptian tybi "January," the time the plant grows in Egypt). Century Dictionary says Arabic hindiba is "appar. of European origin." Few culinary terms cause such confusion as endive and chicory. The basic problem is that what the British call endive the Americans call chicory, and what the British call chicory the Americans call endive (the French side with the Americans: British endive translates as French chicorée). [Ayto, "Diner's Dictionary"] The original sense of the word in Middle English was the same as the modern American one, but when the Cichorium endiva, distinguished by its annual root, much longer unequal pappus, and less bitter taste, arrived in Europe from Asia in the 16c., the confusion of names began. The plant has a history reaching back to ancient Egypt. In ancient Rome, a dish called puntarelle was made with chicory sprouts. It was mentioned by Horace in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "Me pascunt olivae, me cichorea, me malvae" ("As for me, olives, endives, and mallows provide sustenance"). Chicory was first described as a cultivated plant in the 17th century. When coffee was introduced to Europe, the Dutch thought that chicory made a lively addition to the bean drink. In 1766, Frederick the Great banned the importation of coffee into Prussia, leading to the development of a coffee substitute by Brunswick innkeeper Christian Gottlieb Förster (died 1801), who gained a concession in 1769/70 to manufacture it in Brunswick and Berlin. By 1795, 22 to 24 factories of this type were in Brunswick. Lord Monboddo describes the plant in 1779 as the "chicoree", which the French cultivated as a pot herb. In Napoleonic Era France, chicory frequently appeared as an adulterant in coffee, or as a coffee substitute. Chicory was also adopted as a coffee substitute by Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War, and has become common in the United States. It was also used in the United Kingdom during the Second World War, where Camp Coffee, a coffee and chicory essence, has been on sale since 1885. In the United States, chicory root has long been used as a substitute for coffee in prisons. By the 1840s, the port of New Orleans was the second-largest importer of coffee (after New York).[56] Louisianans began to add chicory root to their coffee when Union naval blockades during the American Civil War cut off the port of New Orleans, thereby creating a long-standing tradition. The chicory flower is often seen as inspiration for the Romantic concept of the Blue Flower (e.g. in German language Blauwarte ≈ blue lookout by the wayside). It could open locked doors, according to European folklore. Note: Cichorium endivia is a species of flowering plant belonging to the genus Cichorium, which is widely cultivated as one of the species of similar bitter-leafed vegetables known as endive and escarole. There is considerable confusion between C. endivia and C. intybus. |
Carl Linnaeus
(1705-1778) Also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus. Linnaeus has been called Princeps botanicorum (Prince of Botanists) and "The Pliny of the North". He is also considered as one of the founders of modern ecology In botany and zoology, the abbreviation L. is used to indicate Linnaeus as the authority for a species' name. In older publications, the abbreviation "Linn." is found. Linnaeus's remains comprise the type specimen for the species Homo sapiens following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since the sole specimen that he is known to have examined was himself. |
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